Dear Dan, Sorry to have not interjected my own comments earlier but I've been struggling with ISP difficulties lately that have prevented me from posting on any of the yahoogroups. >> Are magical aids (wands, circles, etc.) necessary for PME? Bardon says they're not, yet he discusses them in great detail. Does not using them pose any particular danger (besides possibly slowing development)? << The tools Bardon described in PME are not *required* for someone who has truly completed Step Eight of IIH, but they are very helpful *aids* for the Step Nine initiate who is new to the specific demands of an evocation ritual. My best to you, :) Rawn Clark 07 Jan 2005 rawnclark@... rawn@... http://www.ABardonCompanion.com http://groups.yahoo.com/group/BardonPraxis http://E.webring.com/hub?ring=arionthebardonwe