Thanks a lot, Rawn. I have not read that far ahead in IIh, as I wanted to stay focused on the current step and not confuse myself. The reason I asked is that I was doing some reading online and the terms came up. The author indicated a similarity between an elemental and a 'familiar' in other systems. The same page also suggested that there are natural elementals and artificial elementals which are created, as you say, by the magician for a specific purpose. Is the idea of naturally ocurring elementals not consistent with Bardon's teachings? Thanks, Martin > > Bardon described the difference quite well in the Step Seven Physical > Training section. According to the Ruggeberg edition. page 152- 153: > > "The difference between an *elemental* and an *elementary* is in > that an *elemental* is produced, on the base of a deliberate form of > thoughts, with the help of the magician's imagination and willpower, and > works mainly on the mental plane for the magician's or other people's > benefit. An *elementary*, on the other hand, is far more penetrating > and more subtle, in its effect, because it is being created from one or > several Elements." > > A good way to keep them straight in your mind is to think of "elemental" > as meaning "simple" or "basic/rudimentary". > > > An elementary is not intrinsically "bad/negative", nor is an elemental > intrinsically the opposite. This depends upon the mind and will of its > creator-magician. > > In Bardon's system, these are VERY specific terms, however to most of > the rest of the occult world these terms carry multiple meanings. In > folklore, "elementaries" are often seen as negative sprites, but these > are rarely elementaries in the Bardon sense of the term.< >