Hi RM, Thanks and very good examples. It does seem that Will and Emotion can adjust our 'delusion' of reality. Dan :) > > Dear Dan: > > As always, a good question! In my view, a superstition is essentially > a false opinion about cause and effect. If you go to a bowling alley > it is common to see bowlers make all kinds of strange body gestures > (usually combined with a chant such as "Come on; come on!") in order > to Will the ball to move a little to the right or left. Although such > bowling rituals are common, they aren't quite superstitions. A person > holding a superstition will usually be willing to expend effort > defending the belief. This is because the belief has psychological > value to the one who holds it. So a superstition is an inaccurate > opinion about cause and effect combined with an emotional investment > in sustaining the belief. > > Some of the most important contributions of science have been the > idea of objective proof as well as the idea that it is possible to > achieve a consensus about the nature of reality. Magical thinking, on > the other hand, maintains that at least some aspects of reality are > inherently subjective and moreover Will and Emotion can and do change > the nature of physical reality. > > So if my cousin Eric believes that wearing his "lucky socks" will > make it more likely that his favorite sports team will win then his > belief may indeed exert a very minor influence on reality. The > fallacy that makes Eric's belief a superstition is that he vastly > overrates the effect of his personal magical rite. A trained magician > on the other hand is able to create much more significant effects > (i.e., non-negligible) as a consequence of his or her rites. > > In some cases I think superstitions may even represent a naive early > attempt at harnessing the principles of magic. > > Sincerely, /RM/