Derrick, David, and group; As way of disclaimer, I did practice Bardon's system for some time before moving on to other practices, including vipassana. I did complete step One, and may be able to shed a little light on the subject. I did not find that Buddhist meditation could be used as a subsitute for Bardon's exercises. Vipassana meditation is different from the beginning exercises. It is not about keeping your attention exclusively on one object, nor is it letting thoughts pass by. It is a state of attentive awareness with a focal point. Rather than intense, one-pointed concentration, it is described as a shallow concentration on the breath with a relaxed, but fully present attention on everything that arises in the mental field. The attention will drift, and be brought back to the breath again and again. The purpose of vipassana is to see things just as they are, while the mental exercises in Step One aim at cultivating specific mental states in preparation for further steps. It is supposed to effect a balance in two related mental states simultaneously: concentration and awareness. This state is also practiced in daily life. As Jason pointed out, Buddhist mindfulness practices may produce results, but generally these results are not the result of specific intention. Bringing attention itself may produce transformations, but these transformations may be other than expected. There are other Buddhist practices which, like Bardon's steps, are aimed at specific results; however according to many experienced Buddhists such practices themselves can not produce insight. Accordingly, they are used as supplements generally at later stages. The primary philosophical difference between the systems, at least at the early stages, is that vipassana seeks to see things as they are, and allow things to unfold on their own whereas Bardon's system aims at producing specific changes through the use of effort and intention. The final result may be the same, but the methods used are different, and in my opinion, opposing. As such, one path may undermine the other, like trying to cross a lake with each foot on a separate boat. My personal advice, for what it's worth, would be to choose the path that fits you rather than try to combine two different paths. mj