Hi David Just to add to Rawn's reply regarding the requirement for `extensive character transformation' in order to reach perfect focus. By way of example, if one's astral character contains elements of strong negative Air imbalance, for instance, this can find expression in such things as a wandering mind, always easily distracted, not able to focus for long periods. (Which I reckon corroborates Rawn's other reply regarding mental chatter being influenced by the emotional tone, which reflects the astral character.) As this would only find a permanent resolution in the Step II+ character transformation work, and can't be solved purely by the Step I Mental training alone, then Step I can't be asking for such thorough mastery as constant, perfect focus. As least that's my understanding so far. Richard