Dear John, >> A question related to shielding: In some traditions, it is said that clockwise gestures are used for invoking something or other, and counter-clockwise is used for banishing. Is this supposed to be a universal rule, or just a matter of preference? I ask because you suggest that the rotation of the shield be imagined as clockwise. Is that for a particular reason, or just a personal preference? >> A clockwise rotation increases power and defines a contained space, such as in a magical circle casting. A counter-clockwise rotation releases energy and opens established confines, such as in a magical circle banishing at the end of a ritual. A shield is very much like a magical circle. It defines a space and acts as an energetic and philosophical barrier to what exists outside of that enclosed space. It separates an interior from an exterior and creates an interface between the two. By rotating the shield, you create a sort of dynamo which steadily draws energy to itself and converts it into 'shield'. Since you've programmed your shield to draw this energy from the universal storehouse of undifferentiated energy, it taps that source instead of your general surroundings, thus keeping your shield vital and at-the-ready. And when you need your shield, it's an easy matter to simply think of it and visualize it spinning around you. This ignites a shield more quickly and more forcefully than imagining a static skin, for example. If you think of a spiral universe that rotates clockwise, you will see how a clockwise rotation can be either radiant or contractive. It really depends upon your mindset and what you want to do with the rotating energy. It can be used to banish or to invoke. My best to you, :) Rawn Clark 11 Feb 2003 rawnclark@... rawn@... http://www.ABardonCompanion.com http://groups.yahoo.com/group/BardonPraxis