Dear Peter, --- In BardonPraxis@yahoogroups.com, "Peter Reist" <preist@g...> wrote: > Yet with the magician that has gone through the curriculum of IIH > and KTQ their ritual tools is their own body, in particular their > own organs which they have acclimitated and transformed to various > sorts of energies. I am glad to hear this. Does this mean that magical foci are ultimately unnecessary? I have realized that IIH (at least up to Step VII) explains techniques that largely eschew material magical foci, but was unsure about the requirement for using ritual tools at higher levels and in later books. This focus on personal empowerment (rather than on using magical tools) has been one of the reasons that Bardon's teachings has appealed so much to me. Dan :)